What Stretching Can and Cannot Do…
Clients are always asking me if and how they should stretch and what I think about it. My answer is always: if it’s good for you, do it!
I don’t stretch myself and I’m not a big fan of stretching (except for passive stretching by another person – more on that later). I think it’s better to invest that time in training weak muscle groups (which are then considered “shortened”) or those that lead to improved posture.
Nevertheless, the question has been asked so often that it is time to investigate the effects of stretching according to the latest scientific findings. After all, it has been 10 years since I graduated from sports college and things change quickly. So for this article I looked for good studies, mainly reviews, on the subject of stretching. From the studies listed below, I have come to the following conclusions:
Stretching and flexibility:
- Stretching has no effect on muscle or tendon development or length, even when stretched several times a week and for long periods of time (20 minutes per week for 3-8 weeks).
- Shorter but more frequent stretching sessions are more beneficial, although their effect is limited (see 1.). So, it is better to do more than once a week for longer.
- There is little difference between PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) and static stretching. In PNF, the antagonist of the muscle to be stretched is actively tensed just before the stretch.
- Adaptations occur primarily at the sensory or neural level, which means that the nervous system is better able to deal with the pain or stretch.
- Any adaptations or improvements in range of motion (ROM) last less than 30 minutes and are due to the increased tolerance mentioned above.
Stretching and competition:
- Dynamic stretching showed no to minimal improvement in performance when performed immediately before activity. Static and PNF stretching had a negative effect on performance.
Last but not least, Nadja, who was introduced in the last newsletter, now offers “passive stretching” in the gym. For 25 or 55 minutes, you lie more or less relaxed on the couch and she stretches you. Thanks to the improved flexibility, you can then train with a larger ROM, which has a positive effect on the training effect.
Of course, you can also use it in other ways if it’s good for you 🙂 So my previous answer wasn’t all that wrong.
For more tips on how to live a pain-free life, check out our free guide (GERMAN).
SOURCES
- Behm et al., 2016: Acute effects of muscle stretching on physical performance, range of motion, and injury incidence in healthy active individuals: a systematic review.
- Freitas et al., 2018: Can chronic stretching change the muscle-tendon mechanical properties? A review.
- Konrad et al., 2014: Increased range of motion after static stretching is not due to changes in muscle and tendon structures.
- Lempke et al., 2018: The Effectiveness of PNF Versus Static Stretching on Increasing Hip-Flexion Range of Motion.
- Mandroukas et al., 2014: Acute partial passive stretching increases range of motion and muscle strength.
- Sharman et al., 2006: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching : mechanisms and clinical implications.
- Thomas et al., 2018: The Relation Between Stretching Typology and Stretching Duration: The Effects on Range of Motion.
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